Cardiac Troponin I and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction is defined pathological perspective as myocardial cell death (necrosis) due to prolonged ischemia. Infarcts are classified temporally according to the pathologic appearance as follows: acute (6 h to 7 days); healing (7 to 28 days), healed (29 days or more). 

The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is defined by the World Health Organization as the presence of at least two of three criteria: typical symptoms (i.e., chest pain), electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities and increased cardiac enzyme levels.

Cardiac troponin I is a sensitive cardiac biomarker which generalized be used in hospitals especially emergency department in patients with chest pain or ECG has ST elevation for the early detection and diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

From empirical studies obtained and selected, the high sensitive troponin I assay has the highest diagnostic accuracy. With the use of the sensitive troponin assay, the early detection of myocardial is infarction increased by 29%.  

 

Food Poisoning

We have started to learn Gastrointestinal Infections last week and about to have an inside classroom picnic the coming Wednesday. In the picnic, our group has an assignment to talk about the food poisoning. Here is some information I prepared for the picnic session. 

Food poisoning is a common, sometimes life-threatening gastrointestinal illness which results from foodborne microorganisms, parasites, or chemicals. There are millions of people in United States will suffer the food poisoning every year, most cases is eating something contaminated by bacteria, such as an undercooked chicken or a potato salad which has been sitting out all day at a picnic. In clinical, food poisoning is referred to “stomach flu”. Symptoms will begin with nausea, and then followed by vomiting and/or diarrhea. In healthy adults, most cases are mild condition, and the disease course is usually within a day or two. But in children, older adults, immune depressed patients, food poisoning can be dangerous and fatal. 

In a wedding, 60 guests were ill, symptoms including diarrhea and abdominal cramps/pain with onset 10 to 20 hours after the event. Look at what happened exactly at that secret time in the kitchen!!! 

Food tested were Saag, Tandoori Chicken, Chick Pea Curry, Rata

Result: No significant results found in food testing; Clinical results: all virus testing (EM and NV by PCR negative; all enteric testing for gram –bacteria negative. However, in 4(4) stools Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin detected.

C. perfringens enterotoxin: